diff --git a/app/models/preview_cards_status.rb b/app/models/preview_cards_status.rb
index 214eec22e5..5ff6352055 100644
--- a/app/models/preview_cards_status.rb
+++ b/app/models/preview_cards_status.rb
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 #
 # Table name: preview_cards_statuses
 #
-#  preview_card_id :bigint(8)        not null
-#  status_id       :bigint(8)        not null
+#  preview_card_id :bigint(8)        not null, primary key
+#  status_id       :bigint(8)        not null, primary key
 #  url             :string
 #
 class PreviewCardsStatus < ApplicationRecord
diff --git a/db/migrate/20231212225737_improve_index_for_public_timeline_speed.rb b/db/migrate/20231212225737_improve_index_for_public_timeline_speed.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bcfe83de03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/20231212225737_improve_index_for_public_timeline_speed.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class ImproveIndexForPublicTimelineSpeed < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.0]
+  disable_ddl_transaction!
+
+  def up
+    add_index :statuses, [:id, :account_id], name: :index_statuses_local_20231213, algorithm: :concurrently, order: { id: :desc }, where: '(local OR (uri IS NULL)) AND deleted_at IS NULL AND visibility IN (0, 10, 11) AND reblog_of_id IS NULL AND ((NOT reply) OR (in_reply_to_account_id = account_id))'
+    add_index :statuses, [:id, :account_id], name: :index_statuses_public_20231213, algorithm: :concurrently, order: { id: :desc }, where: 'deleted_at IS NULL AND visibility IN (0, 10, 11) AND reblog_of_id IS NULL AND ((NOT reply) OR (in_reply_to_account_id = account_id))'
+    remove_index :statuses, name: :index_statuses_local_20190824
+    remove_index :statuses, name: :index_statuses_public_20200119
+  end
+
+  def down
+    add_index :statuses, [:id, :account_id], name: :index_statuses_local_20190824, algorithm: :concurrently, order: { id: :desc }, where: '(local OR (uri IS NULL)) AND deleted_at IS NULL AND visibility = 0 AND reblog_of_id IS NULL AND ((NOT reply) OR (in_reply_to_account_id = account_id))'
+    add_index :statuses, [:id, :account_id], name: :index_statuses_public_20200119, algorithm: :concurrently, order: { id: :desc }, where: 'deleted_at IS NULL AND visibility = 0 AND reblog_of_id IS NULL AND ((NOT reply) OR (in_reply_to_account_id = account_id))'
+    remove_index :statuses, name: :index_statuses_local_20231213
+    remove_index :statuses, name: :index_statuses_public_20231213
+  end
+end
diff --git a/db/schema.rb b/db/schema.rb
index 10479d4f27..05c9ffd07d 100644
--- a/db/schema.rb
+++ b/db/schema.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #
 # It's strongly recommended that you check this file into your version control system.
 
-ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2023_11_30_083634) do
+ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2023_12_12_225737) do
   # These are extensions that must be enabled in order to support this database
   enable_extension "plpgsql"
 
@@ -1240,8 +1240,8 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2023_11_30_083634) do
     t.index ["account_id"], name: "index_statuses_on_account_id"
     t.index ["conversation_id"], name: "index_statuses_on_conversation_id"
     t.index ["deleted_at"], name: "index_statuses_on_deleted_at", where: "(deleted_at IS NOT NULL)"
-    t.index ["id", "account_id"], name: "index_statuses_local_20190824", order: { id: :desc }, where: "((local OR (uri IS NULL)) AND (deleted_at IS NULL) AND (visibility = 0) AND (reblog_of_id IS NULL) AND ((NOT reply) OR (in_reply_to_account_id = account_id)))"
-    t.index ["id", "account_id"], name: "index_statuses_public_20200119", order: { id: :desc }, where: "((deleted_at IS NULL) AND (visibility = 0) AND (reblog_of_id IS NULL) AND ((NOT reply) OR (in_reply_to_account_id = account_id)))"
+    t.index ["id", "account_id"], name: "index_statuses_local_20231213", order: { id: :desc }, where: "((local OR (uri IS NULL)) AND (deleted_at IS NULL) AND (visibility = ANY (ARRAY[0, 10, 11])) AND (reblog_of_id IS NULL) AND ((NOT reply) OR (in_reply_to_account_id = account_id)))"
+    t.index ["id", "account_id"], name: "index_statuses_public_20231213", order: { id: :desc }, where: "((deleted_at IS NULL) AND (visibility = ANY (ARRAY[0, 10, 11])) AND (reblog_of_id IS NULL) AND ((NOT reply) OR (in_reply_to_account_id = account_id)))"
     t.index ["in_reply_to_account_id"], name: "index_statuses_on_in_reply_to_account_id", where: "(in_reply_to_account_id IS NOT NULL)"
     t.index ["in_reply_to_id"], name: "index_statuses_on_in_reply_to_id", where: "(in_reply_to_id IS NOT NULL)"
     t.index ["quote_of_id", "account_id"], name: "index_statuses_on_quote_of_id_and_account_id"