Fix compacted JSON-LD possibly causing compatibility issues on forwarding (#17428)

app/helpers/jsonld_helper.rb

@@ -77,6 +77,78 @@ module JsonLdHelper
     compacted
   end
 
+  # Patches a JSON-LD document to avoid compatibility issues on redistribution
+  #
+  # Since compacting a JSON-LD document against Mastodon's built-in vocabulary
+  # means other extension namespaces will be expanded, malformed JSON-LD
+  # attributes lost, and some values “unexpectedly” compacted this method
+  # patches the following likely sources of incompatibility:
+  # - 'https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Public' being compacted to
+  #   'as:Public' (for instance, pre-3.4.0 Mastodon does not understand
+  #   'as:Public')
+  # - single-item arrays being compacted to the item itself (`[foo]` being
+  #   compacted to `foo`)
+  #
+  # It is not always possible for `patch_for_forwarding!` to produce a document
+  # deemed safe for forwarding. Use `safe_for_forwarding?` to check the status
+  # of the output document.
+  #
+  # @param original [Hash] The original JSON-LD document used as reference
+  # @param compacted [Hash] The compacted JSON-LD document to be patched
+  # @return [void]
+  def patch_for_forwarding!(original, compacted)
+    original.without('@context', 'signature').each do |key, value|
+      next if value.nil? || !compacted.key?(key)
+
+      compacted_value = compacted[key]
+      if value.is_a?(Hash) && compacted_value.is_a?(Hash)
+        patch_for_forwarding!(value, compacted_value)
+      elsif value.is_a?(Array)
+        compacted_value = [compacted_value] unless compacted_value.is_a?(Array)
+        return if value.size != compacted_value.size
+
+        compacted[key] = value.zip(compacted_value).map do |v, vc|
+          if v.is_a?(Hash) && vc.is_a?(Hash)
+            patch_for_forwarding!(v, vc)
+            vc
+          elsif v == 'https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Public' && vc == 'as:Public'
+            v
+          else
+            vc
+          end
+        end
+      elsif value == 'https://www.w3.org/ns/activitystreams#Public' && compacted_value == 'as:Public'
+        compacted[key] = value
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Tests whether a JSON-LD compaction is deemed safe for redistribution,
+  # that is, if it doesn't change its meaning to consumers that do not actually
+  # handle JSON-LD, but rely on values being serialized in a certain way.
+  #
+  # See `patch_for_forwarding!` for details.
+  #
+  # @param original [Hash] The original JSON-LD document used as reference
+  # @param compacted [Hash] The compacted JSON-LD document to be patched
+  # @return [Boolean] Whether the patched document is deemed safe
+  def safe_for_forwarding?(original, compacted)
+    original.without('@context', 'signature').all? do |key, value|
+      compacted_value = compacted[key]
+      return false unless value.class == compacted_value.class
+
+      if value.is_a?(Hash)
+        safe_for_forwarding?(value, compacted_value)
+      elsif value.is_a?(Array)
+        value.zip(compacted_value).all? do |v, vc|
+          v.is_a?(Hash) ? (vc.is_a?(Hash) && safe_for_forwarding?(v, vc)) : v == vc
+        end
+      else
+        value == compacted_value
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   def fetch_resource(uri, id, on_behalf_of = nil)
     unless id
       json = fetch_resource_without_id_validation(uri, on_behalf_of)

app/services/activitypub/process_collection_service.rb

@@ -5,13 +5,27 @@ class ActivityPub::ProcessCollectionService < BaseService
 
   def call(body, account, **options)
     @account = account
-    @json    = Oj.load(body, mode: :strict)
+    @json    = original_json = Oj.load(body, mode: :strict)
     @options = options
 
-    @json = compact(@json) if @json['signature'].is_a?(Hash)
+    begin
+      @json = compact(@json) if @json['signature'].is_a?(Hash)
+    rescue JSON::LD::JsonLdError => e
+      Rails.logger.debug "Error when compacting JSON-LD document for #{value_or_id(@json['actor'])}: #{e.message}"
+      @json = original_json.without('signature')
+    end
 
     return if !supported_context? || (different_actor? && verify_account!.nil?) || suspended_actor? || @account.local?
 
+    if @json['signature'].present?
+      # We have verified the signature, but in the compaction step above, might
+      # have introduced incompatibilities with other servers that do not
+      # normalize the JSON-LD documents (for instance, previous Mastodon
+      # versions), so skip redistribution if we can't get a safe document.
+      patch_for_forwarding!(original_json, @json)
+      @json.delete('signature') unless safe_for_forwarding?(original_json, @json)
+    end
+
     case @json['type']
     when 'Collection', 'CollectionPage'
       process_items @json['items']